NileValleyPeoples: How DNA undermines "racial" claims and stereotypes about African peoples

How DNA undermines "racial" claims and stereotypes about African peoples - Case: the Tutsi

Scholars in the 1950s and 1960s such as Carleton Coons, claimed people like those depicted at left. the Tutsi of Rwanda in East Africa, were “Caucasoid” due to their height and narrow noses. Quote by Coons:

“In Arabia prehistoric archaeology has barely been started. Yet we can be reasonably confident, until other evidence upsets the theory, that these deserts were the home of the slender variety of Caucasoid man.” - Carleton Coons, The Story of man, 1954)

DNA analysis however undermines these and similar claims. Modern day genetic studies on the y-chromosome show the Tutsi to be fully indigenous African (80% e3a, 4% e3, 1% e3b and 15%B) with little to no East African genetic influence. The E3a DNA grouping is most prevalent in West Africa, not Europe, the Middle East or North Africa. Hence Africans do not need any “race mix” to have varying features. Indeed Africa is the most genetically diverse region on the planet (Tishkoff 2000). Quote:

“To the west, Benin, Bamileke, and southern Cameroon are represented predominantly by chromosomes carrying the E3a-M2 mutation, a signature of the recent expansion of Bantu populations (Passarino et al. 1998; Scozzari et al. 1999; Underhill et al. 2001b; Cruciani et al. 2002). .. the E3a-M2 subclade is prevalent in our East African groups (Tutsi, Hutu, Kenya, and Tanzania) ..’
(-- Luis, et al. (2004) The Levant versus the Horn. Am J Hum Genet. 2004; 74(3): 532–544.)

Similar claims about Ethiopians are undermined by modern DNA। The Encyclopedia Britannica (1962) article ‘Ethiopia” called them “a white people with black Skin।” DNA analysis by conservative mainstream scholars however undermines this claim, showing that while gene flow from Arabs and others occurred in some eras, the bulk of Ethiopian genes are [quote] “predominant sub-Saharan African substrate।” [Kivisild 2004 cites: “(Cavalli-Sforza 1997; Passarino et al. 1998; Thomas et al. 2000; Cruciani et al. 2004; Luis et al. 2004).” The overall genetic weight is thus with other sub-Saharan Africans.

================================ More stacked decks and rigged samples in the study of African populations – far northern Arab and Berber populations near Cairo used as “representative” of Egypt, while close by African populations in the Sudan, Chad, Ethiopia and Somalia are excluded.

Herrera et al 2004 used skewed sampling, drawing far northern Arab and Berber populations near Cairo, and excluding populations from the south, and using distant West Africans, South Africans some Kenyans and even people as far as Haiti and the Bahamas. Curiously, comparisons were not made to closer ones African in the areas near Egypt like the Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia or the Saharan regions of Chad. These were excluded. [quote]

"The fifth African group sampled is from the Tanta region of Egypt and is mainly made up of Arabs and Berbers (Harich et al. 2002). The majority of all sub-Saharan Africans belong to Bantu-speaking populations (Williamson and Blench 2000)... The Egyptian Arab and Berber samples were collected from the Nile delta in the region of Tanta."

Herrera notes that results changed depending on the deletion and addition of groups. When Maximum-likelihood tree analysis with bootstrap values was applied, the diagram shows Egyptians clustering closer to other African derived populations, than Europeans or Middle Easterners. [Quote:]
“Of the three major geographic groups, the Orientals, represented by East Asian and Native American groups, form a more diffuse assembly than the Caucasian and sub-Saharan African clusters. The Egyptian population plots away from the Caucasian cluster in the direction of the sub-Saharan African populations, as expected because of gene flow from the south." -Herrera 2004

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Several recent DNA studies including mtDNA Salas, Knight, Petlichkovski etc show Egyptians linking more with West Africans like Mandinka, or other Africans such as Nubians, Somalians, Ethiopians, Sudanics than with admixed groups such as Berbers, or Europeans, or Middle Easterners.

Joint products of "racial evolution"...

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HBD EVOLUTION, BRAIN SIZE AND NATIONAL IQ CLAIMS DEBUNKED

Evolution, brain size, and the national IQ of peoples ... - Jelte Wicherts 2010

http://wicherts.socsci.uva.nl/wichertsPAIDrejoinder.pdf

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"EVOLUTIONARY" NATIONAL IQ NOTIONS DEBUNKED

Why national IQs do not support evolutionary theories of intelligence - WIcherts, Borsboom and Dolan 2010

Personality and Individual Differences 48 (2010) 91-96

http://wicherts.socsci.uva.nl/wicherts2010.pdf

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DUBIOUS HBD"STATIC IQ" CLAIMS DEBUNKED

Are intelligence tests measurement invariant over time? by JM Wicherts - ?2004

--Dolan, Wicherts et al 2004. Investigating the nature of the Flynn effect. Intelligence 32 (2004) 509-537

http://www.iapsych.com/iqmr/fe/LinkedDocuments/wicherts2004.pdf

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LYNN AND VANHAVEN'S IQ AND THE WEALTH OF NATIONS DEBUNKED

www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/race-iq-and-wealth/
another critique- mises.org/daily/2677

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HBD ANCIENT 'CAUCASOID' "COGNITIVE REVOLUTION"CLAIMS DEBUNKED

www.anth.uconn.edu/faculty/mcbrearty/Pdf/McB%20&%20Brooks%202000%20TRTW.pdf

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jp RUSHTON'S "RACIAL EVOLUTION" NOTIONSDEBUNKED

Race and other misadventures: essays in honor of Ashley Montagu... By Larry T. Reynolds, Leonard Lieberman

http://books.google.com/books?id=5DLrgG_MflgC&pg=PA190&dq=r-+k-+selection+races&cd=1#v=onepage&q=r-%20k-%20selection%20races&f=false

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SCIENTIST ALAN TEMPLETON DEBUNKS BIOLOGICAL RACE USINGHARD DATA

Race and intelligence: separating science from myth. By Jefferson M. Fish. Routledge 2002. See Templeton's detailed article referenced above also inside the book

http://books.google.com/books?id=t9OdPPLIgMAC&pg=PA64&dq=r-+k-+selection+races&cd=7#v=onepage&q=r-%20k-%20selection%20races&f=false

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RACE MATTERS DEBUNKED

http://www.ogiek.org/indepth/what-they-mean.htm

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HBD "SELECTION" AND EVOLUTION CLAIMS DEBUNKED-Sarich and Miele's "Race: the reality of Human Differences"

Oubre, A (2011) Race Genes and Ability: Rethinking Ethnic Differences, vol 1 and 2. BTI Press

For summary see: http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/05-02-18/

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THE BELLCURVE DEBUNKED BY STEPHEN J GOULD

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/course/topics/curveball.html

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"RACIAL EVOLUTION" DEBUNKED AND"DIVERGENCE" DEBUNKED

--S OY Keita, R A Kittles, et al. "Conceptualizing human variation," Nature Genetics 36, S17 - S20 (2004)

http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v36/n11s/pdf/ng1455.pdf

--S.O.Y. Keita and Rick Kittles. (1997) *The Persistence ofRacial Thinking and the Myth of Racial Divergence. AJPA, 99:3

http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/pageDocuments/WAURRSZQOE.pdf

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HBD RACE EVOLUTION CLAIMS DEBUNKED BY GENETICISTS

Alan Templeton. "The Genetic and Evolutionary significnce oF Human Races." pp 31-56. IN: J. FiSh (2002) Race and Intelligence: Separating scinnce from myth.

http://img560.imageshack.us/img560/239/templeton1humanracesinf.jpg

http://img685.imageshack.us/img685/2731/templeton2humanracesinf.jpg

HBD RACE AND INTELLIGENCE CLAIMS DEBUNKED

J. FiSh (2002) Race and Intelligence: Separating science from myth.

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2 comments:

UnknownApril 19, 2022 at 6:32 AM
that's a lie are 41% e1b1b similar to horn of african cushites
Research dataJune 5, 2022 at 6:30 PM
LOL Ace, your comment has nothing to do with the article at hand. It looks at the closely related Tutsi and Hutu, which debunks claims that the two groups are some sort of separate "race." And hard as it is apparently for many deep thinkers to fathom even in the 21st century, the Horn of Africa is "sub-Saharan" debunking a slew of other "deep" claims. As for your mystical "41%" "lie," since you have no credible citation comparing Hutu and Tutsi to so-called "Cushites" of the Horn, it is totally irrelevant..

Tuesday, November 3, 2009

How DNA undermines "racial" claims and stereotypes about African peoples - Case: the Tutsi

2 comments: