- The primary beneficiaries of assorted "quotas" are white. Certainly in the past, but fast forward to the post-civil rights era and the same pattern reappears- primary gainers are again white, usually white women as shown by credible research.
- So-called "quotas" also did not appear in a vacuum - they were enacted because of past and current discrimination. In fact, aside from routine discrimination in favor of whites into the early 1970s, as legal remedies they first appear in favor of 1930s white union members were discriminated against because of union membership. Courts realized that politely saying "please stop" was a waste of time, unless backed with measurable, specific actions to make whole victims of anti-union discrimination (See: Sowell, Thomas (1975) Affirmative Action Reconsidered. The Public Interest 3, pg 48-65).
- As far as race, they first appeared substantially in the late 1960s (such as Nixon's Philadelphia Plan) and early 1970s. Far from their being a massive "wave of oppression" against WVGs (White Victim Guys), white courts have generally moved to limit their applicability and reduce their impact as ruling after ruling shows.
- White Victim Guys (WVGs), far from being hapless victims, have actually posted numerous wins in court against "quotas", or limited their applicability, and often secured themselves individual relief. The famous Bakke case for example circa 1974, saw a win for WVG Allan Bakke, and limitations put on various "affirmative action" practices in higher education. Follow-up rulings (Gratz, Grutter, Fisher) have also brought whites individual relief, and even if not overturning specific AA schemes, saw their scope and application narrowed, meaning even fewer white people were affected by them. White Plaintiff Jennifer Gratz for example was victorious in her suit, which struck down a Univ. of Michigan AA admission scheme.
- Even when various AA plans are not struck down by lawsuits whites have often obtained alternative means to advance themselves in spite of the claimed "insurmountable" barriers to white folk due to "quotas." White plaintiff Amy Fisher for example who failed on her own merit to qualify for admission to the premiere flagship Univ of Texas Law School, was offered a deal by the university where she could still get into the flagship school, if she attended a satellite campus for a set period and then transferred to the premiere institution- essentially giving her the slot she wanted. This deal was not a special case but was long an alternative entry means.
- Where legal challenges fail they can still result in a narrowing restriction on AA subsequently via the political process. White Plaintiff Barbara Grutter sued over an AA plan and won at the lower and appellate levels, before the Supreme Court declined to throw out the university's AA scheme as illegal. In response a 2006 Michigan political campaign heavily approved by white voters amended the state constitution to outlaw AA in education and public employment (the Michigan Proposal 2, Affirmative Action Initiative (2006). The same Supreme Court that declined to cancel the university upheld the constitutional amendment ban against AA. This again, was a victory for the white plaintiff if she had chosen to follow-up and attend school. Likewise in venues like fire or police departments- a hotbed of conflicts over quotas" - the record shows multiple white VICTORIES by WVGs.
- Far from "quotas" swamping hapless white victims, as far as higher education for example, the percentage of blacks (between 4 and 8 percent) has barely budged in over 30 years at most big name Flagship campuses where most of the AA controversy rages. See (NY Times 2017- "Even With Affirmative Action, Blacks and Hispanics Are More Underrepresented at Top Colleges Than 35 Years Ago") https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/24/us/affirmative-action.html
Limited "mismatches" - Likewise AA critics Sanders and Taylor (2012) in their acclaimed book Mismatch: How Affirmative Action Hurts Students It's Intended to Help, and Why Universities Won't Admit It , show the black percentage hovering at around 5-6% for the last 30 years at the elite law schools examined- and some of that percentage was in place without needing any "quotas." Yet another review (Gurin et al 2003. How does Racial/Ethnic Diversity Promote Education? WJBS. 27:1) found that affirmative action exists primarily in highly selective colleges that barely have more than 8-10% black students. Such campuses are not where the vast majority, the OTHER 90-92% of black students attend. As far as college access, affirmative action is a minor player for blacks. - Indeed the primarily white quota currently in operation- that of "legacy" admissions for the kids of former graduates, accounted almost 30% of the admittees to elite Harvard, far dwarfing the small percentage of blacks. These affluent white "legacy" admits, typically have lower grades and performance, especially when compared to other minorities like Asians. See Daniel Golden-The Price of Admission_ How America’s Ruling Class Buys Its Way into Elite Colleges--and Who Gets Left Outside the Gates-Broadway Books (2007).
- "Reverse discrimination" against whites, while occurring in some cases, is small potatoes in the overall record according to serious studies of the issue. Per one researcher:
"Reverse discrimination is rare both in absolute terms and relative to conventional discrimination. The most direct evidence for this conclusion comes from employment-audit studies. On every measured outcome, African-American men were much more likely than white men to experience discrimination, and Latinos were more likely than non-Hispanic men to experience discrimination (Heckman and Siegelman 1993, p. 218) Statistics on the numbers and outcomes of complaints of employment discrimination also suggest that reverse discrimination is rare.
According to national surveys, relatively few whites have experienced reverse discrimination. Only 5 to 12 percent of whites believe that their race has cost them a job or promotion, compared to 36 percent of African Americans Alfred Blumrosen's (1996, pp. 5-6) exhaustive review of discrimination complaints filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission offers additional evidence that reverse discrimination is rare... [of cases] two percent were by white men charging sex, race or national origin discrimination (three-quarters of these charged sex discrimination) and 1.8 percent were by white women charging race discrimination (Blumrosen p. 5)"
--Tracy E. Ore - 2005. The social construction of difference and inequality p. 390 - In short, from the very inception of so-called "quota" plans, whites have carefully throttled them, and this is reflected in the record of court and executive decisions, legislative offerings and individual white victories in court or administrative proceedings. The same pattern appears in contract set-asides: these were gutted by the Croson and Adarand Supreme Court cases, where white plaintiffs seeking to block affirmative action (AA) in contracting were not only victorious, but established precedents sharply limiting AA. These cases were over 30 years ago, and had ripple effects across the board, calling into question laments about a vast veil of contemporary "oppression" against white people. Per one scholar:
"Pressures for affirmative action by federal contractors waned during the 1980s. According to Jonathan Leonard, who has studied these issues extensively, ".. .affirmative action under the contract compliance program virtually ceased to exist in all but name after 1980."38
--Ronald Ferguson 1995- Shifting Challenges-Fifty Years of Economic Change toward Black-White Earnings Equality. Daedalus; Boston Vol. 124, Iss. 1, (Winter 1995): 37. - Finally, just because some white males were not hired does not AUTOMATICALLY mean they are "victims" of some sort of nefarious "quota" as the WVG narrative would have it. In fact, the record often shows minority candidates in various places being MORE qualified than the white ones, but it took a lawsuit, or a new law, or a consent settlement or political pressure to finally get the MORE qualified minority the job. White talk about "merit" often had a hypocritical ring, when a black man showed up. Examples are legion in the legal and historical record- that of MORE qualified blacks frozen out until they applied or gained one or more of the pressuring actions above.
Take the case of famous color barrier breaker Jackie Robinson. A superb athlete, Jackie (and numerous other black players from the "Negro Leagues) was BETTER than a lot of white players, but he/they were always frozen out of the game in favor of lesser qualified white males. What gave Jackie his chance was relentless political pressure in WW2 era New York (a major venue of the sport), including a new anti-discrimination state law passed in 1945. There was even international pressure during the early Cold War era and the Soviets had a field day pointing out that the American "land of opportunity" was a hypocritical sham, when MORE qualified black players were denied a chance to play the "Great American Pastime." Even the Japanese during WW2 harped on white hypocrisy as regards baseball. See: (M. Klarman 1994 From Slavery to Civil Rights, or Martha Biondi 2003. To Stand and Fight: The Struggle for Civil Rights in New York. p 33-36). In view of this record, "cry quota" oppression narratives too often are suspect.
The above is a standard talking point by many of today’s libertarians and right-wingers. But it is clear who the biggest beneficiaries are. The link below exposes some of the nonsense:
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2011/04/affirmative-action-primary.html
White women winners: As credible scholars note- QUOTE:
"Even more striking is the rapid increase in white women’s access to managerial jobs after 1971. White women move from being underrepresented in managerial jobs by 70 percent to being underrepresented by only 12 percent at the turn of the century. While they have not yet reached parity, white women have made remarkable and consistent gains..
Most striking is that white men and white women are found in virtually all workplaces. In 1966, 11 percent of workplaces had no white women employed in them, but this had fallen to 3 percent by the early 1970s and about 1 percent currently. These patterns mean that even today when white men and women go to work they will often be employed in workplaces where there is not a single black male, black female, Hispanic male, Hispanic female, Asian male, or Asian female coworker. One of these groups will almost always be represented among their coworkers, but one or more groups may be entirely absent. While there has been clear progress in the desegregation of American private sector workplaces, substantial racial homogeneity remains common in many workplaces.
"White women, however, showed rapid gains in access to white male jobs during this early period as well... Much more striking has been the rapidly declining workplace segregation between white men and women. In 1966, white men and women were nearly totally segregated at work, residing in separate and typically unequal work. While white sex segregation remains high today, it is now lower than white male–Asian male segregation and almost as low as white male segregation from other minority men. Researchers have routinely assumed that sex segregation was higher than race segregation. This was clearly true in 1966, but by the year 2002 it seems more reasonable to say that the workplace barriers between white men and white women are now equivalent to those between white men and minority men. White women have clearly benefited the most from the legal and institutional prohibitions against workplace segregation.
We also have a set of remarkable findings about the segregation patterns of white women. Across the entire post–Civil Rights Act period, white women have been rapidly integrating employment settings with white men, have slowly integrated with minority men, and are increasingly segregated from minority women... Overall, forty years after the law changed to make workplace segregation illegal, it remains high. Most whites work with other whites. Increasingly, white women work with white men. The big success story of the equal rights revolution in the private sector is the integration of white men and women. Cross-race progress among men stalled in the 1980s and among women has worsened since the mid-1970s."
[FROM: --Donald Tomaskovic-Devey and Kevin Stainback. 2007. Discrimination and Desegregation: Equal Opportunity Progress in U.S. Private Sector Workplaces since the Civil Rights Act. Ann Amer Academ PolSci 609:49-84]..
QUOTE:
“Hostility to blacks is obviously more serious than hostility to Hispanics, and extends to the under-provision of such public goods as sewers and police in counties with high average incomes in the black population.. the percentage of blacks who are poor is positively associated with the number of welfare recipients and negatively associated with the average payment (indicating lower per recipient payments to blacks than to other groups."
and
--Deborah Ward. 2009. The White Welfare State, p 77. 121
More standard right-wing distortions by Roberts – oppressed white people can’t even be hired or promoted anymore. Zounds!
Significant EEOC Race-Color Cases- Covering Private and Federal Sectors
https://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2019/01/blog-post.html
Individual losses, broader context white wins. There are "quota" cases where employers prioritized minorities and white women over white males. Few deny this, but again, such cases came about in response to discrimination against blacks in the first place. For example, it took almost until 1990, some 26 years AFTER the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for state governments like the Alabama State Police to finally begin hiring qualified blacks in meaningful numbers, and even this was due to a court decision where a federal judge, tired of white stonewalling, simply ordered the hiring of qualified blacks, including those who had been turned away for years. This was an ugly solution, but the judge had before given YEARS of leeway for white bosses to voluntarily recruit qualified blacks. As one popular pro-conservative writer notes:
Other plans followed: See Black DEA Agents discriminated against Segar v. Civiletti 1981; or almost 20 years later the Justice Dept. and black agents agreeing to a $5 million settlement. Potter v. Reno, 1998; and thousands more in the record. And this was just in the public sector where use of government funds raised the bar as far as scrutiny of hiring practices. Black taxpayers had contributed to some of those very same funds, yet they were frozen out of jobs using those monies or parts thereof.
(a) male firefighters or police suing and winning against such quotas and being subsequently hired/promoted,
(b) courts rejecting various "quota" plans that hurt said males, or
(c) courts upholding AA plans, just as they have upheld white union AA plans, where such are narrowly tailored to remedying past discrimination- i.e. white women being denied promotion for years in favor of men.
This context and history behind why AA plans exist at all is important to remember amid breathless fulminations re "liberal judges" simply decreeing "quotas" out of the blue. Hence to note:
In short, claims of a vast wasteland of oppression where white males can't get a break in hiring or promotion are dubious and exist primarily, again, in Disney-like fantasy, or in the fulminations of those who allege reverse discrimination when they are disappointed at not getting something. On balance, the legal system as far as race "quotas" has delivered several Victories to white males, and has also struck down or limited various AA plans that hurt such males as a class. The real world balance sheet is far from the propaganda narrative of doom pushed in many quarters.
Oh would it be gauche to mention that the EEOC has a backlog of tens of thousands of cases,
https://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/blog-post.html
https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/686085999190798340/6179060851903968774
https://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2020/06/teflon-don-may-see-fulsome-benefits.html
The Teflon Don- Covid-era approval rating may signal November success
https://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2020/05/the-teflon-don-covid-era-approval.html
Would a Biden win be any big loss for Republicans?
https://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2020/04/would-biden-win-be-any-big-loss-for.html
Tchalla's "Wakanda First" philosophy looks a bit like Donald Trump's "America First" approach
https://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2019/01/tchallas-wakanda-first-philosophy-looks.html
Significant EEOC Race-Color Cases- Covering Private and Federal Sectors
https://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2019/01/blog-post.html
'AsiaRate' Lawsuit against Harvard shows dirty little secret- white quotas used at elite universities
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2018/06/asiarate-lawsuit-against-harvard-shows.html
Some gays find welcome home in the 'alt-right' as nationalist organizations step up recruitment
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2018/05/some-gays-find-welcome-home-in-alt.html
Racial discrimination is alive and kicking in employment, housing and credit markets
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2017/07/racial-discrimination-is-alive-and.html
Sowell 3- new data shows backward tropical evolution? Wealth and Poverty- An International Perspective in Trump era
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2017/07/sowell-3-new-data-shows-backward.html
Sowell 2- Wealth, Poverty and Politics- International Perspective - Trump era to bring these issues into sharper focus?
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2017/07/sowell-2-wealth-poverty-and-politics.html
Sowell- Liberal intellectuals and hard questions about race differences- Trump era may force them to focus?
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2017/07/sowell-liberal-intellectuals-and-hard.html
Trump properties discriminated against black tenants lawsuit finds
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2016/07/trump-properties-discriminated-against.html
Stealing credibility- Dinesh D'souza has prison epiphany- after hanging with the homies- Hallelujah Hilary!
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2016/05/straining-credibility-dinesh-dsouza-has.html
Shame on you, and your guilt too- A review of Shelby Steele's 'Shame'
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2016/05/a-review-wealth-poverty-and-politics.html
Go with the flow 2- African gene flow into Europe in various eras
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/11/go-with-flow-2-african-gene-flow-into.html
DNA studies show African movement to Europe from very ancient times
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/09/dna-studies-show-african-movement-to.html
Guilt3- Why the "white privilege industry" is not all there
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/09/guilt3-why-white-privilege-industry-is.html
Guilt2- Media collaborates with guilt mongers - or how to play the white victim card
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/09/guilt2-media-collaborates-with-guilt.html
How Obama plays on white guilt
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/08/how-obama-plays-upon-white-guilt-hilary.html
Blacks oppose free speech- more ramshackle "research" from "the East"..
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/08/blacks-oppose-free-speech-ramshackle.html
Hands off the Confederate flag
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/06/hands-off-confederate-flag.html
Despite much more wealth than blacks, whites collect about the same rate of welfare and are treated more generously
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/06/despite-much-more-wealth-than-blacks.html
African "boat people" ushering in European demographic decline
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/05/african-boat-people-ushering-in.html
The forgotten Holocaust- King Leopold's "Congo Free State" - 10 million victims
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-forgotten-holocaust-10-million-in.html
Are violent minorities taking over California and the West?
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/04/are-violent-minorities-taking-over.html
Presidential hopeful Ben Carson meets and Greeks
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/03/presidential-hopeful-ben-carson-meet.html
Contra "ISIS" partisans, there have been some beneficial effects of Christianity
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/03/contra-isis-partisans-there-are-some.html
The social construction of race, compared to biology- Graves
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/02/the-social-construction-of-race_8.html
Why HBD or hereditarianism lacks credibility
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/10/why-hbd-or-hereditarianism-lacks.html
Leading Scientists criticize hereditarian claims
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/08/leading-scientists-criticize.html
Thai me down - Thais fall behind genetically related southern Chinese, Tibetans below genetically related East Asians like Koreans and other Chinese
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/08/thai-me-up-thai-me-down.html
Time for liberals to respect "the south" ... in a way of speaking.. the south of Egypt that is..
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/08/time-for-liberals-to-respect-south-in.html
Irony 2: touted High IQ "G-men" cannot reproduce themselves
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/07/irony-2-higher-iqs-correlated-with_25.html
Unz and Sowell: Unz debunking Lynn's IQ and Wealth of Nations. Sowell debunking the Bell Curve
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/07/unz-and-sowell-unz-debunking-lynns-iq.html
Irony 1: touted High IQ types are more homosexual, more atheist, and more liberal (HAL)
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/06/irony-high-iqs-produce-more-atheists.html
Elite white universities discriminate against Asians using reverse "affirmative action"
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/06/elite-white-universities-discriminate.html
Deteriorating state of white America
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/05/deteriorating-state-of-white-america.html
Racial Cartels (The Affirmative Action Propaganda machine- part 2
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-affirmative-action-propaganda.html
Hereditarian's/HBD's "Great Black Hope"
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/04/blog-post.html
The Balance sheet
Exploding nonsense: the 10,000 Year Explosion
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/03/exploding-nonsense-review-of-cochran_8.html
We need "rational racism"- Convicted felon Dinesh Dsouza becomes his own test case
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/01/we-need-rational-racism-proponent.html
The Affirmative Action Propaganda Machine- part 1
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/01/the-affirmatve-action-propaganda.html
Two rules for being "really" black- no white wimmen, no Republican
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/01/to-be-really-black-you-cant-have-white.html
The Axial age reconsidered
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/01/the-axial-age-reconsidered.html
Cannibal seasonings: dark meat on white
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/12/i.html
"Affirmative Action" in the form of court remedies has been around a long time- since the 1930s- benefiting white union workers against discrimination by employers
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/09/affirmative-action-as-term-appears-in.html
Mugged by reality 1: White quotas, special preferences and government jobs
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/mugged-by-reality-1-white-quotas.html
Lightweight enforcement of EEO laws contradicts claims of "flood" of minorities "taking jobs"
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/blog-post.html
Railroaded 3: white violence and intimidation imposed quotas
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/railroaded-3-white-violence-and.html
Railroaded 2: how white quotas and special preferences blockade black progress...
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/railroaded-2-thow-white-quotas-and.html
Railroaded 1: How white affirmative action and white special preferences destroyed black railroad employment...
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/railroaded-how-white-affirmative-action.html
Affirmative action: primary beneficiaries are white women
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2011/04/affirmative-action-primary.html
7 reasons certain libertarians and right-wingers are wrong about the Civil Right Act
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2012/05/7-reasons-libertarians-may-be-wrong.html
Assorted "Role models" debunked- hypocritical heriditarianism
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2009/11/hbd-debunked-debunking-hypocritical.htmll
Social philosophy of Thomas Sowell
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2011/07/social-philosophy-of-thomas-sowell.html
Additional gene flow data... :)
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2010/09/blog-post.html
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2009/11/blog-post_29.html
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2010/05/blog-post_1754.html
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2010/09/blog-post_06.html
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2010/04/blog-post_9251.html
Race, IQ, and Wealth: What the facts tell us about a taboo subject By Ron Unz
HBD EVOLUTION, BRAIN SIZE AND NATIONAL IQ CLAIMS DEBUNKED
IQ claims and miscellaneous data
other links
t We Know and What We Don’t Know: Human Genetic Variation and the Social Construction of Race
"troubled youth..."
Misc data:
Data from the city of Minneapolis itself. The blacks were stopped almost 3 times the rate of whites, and were in higher crime hoods, yet whites stops yielded MORE contraband than blacks or Latinos..
Data on extremist murders of US police officers
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