
Liberalism linked with higher IQs. For example, liberal “non-judgmentalism” is quite on track- for those identified as liberal seem to have higher IQs than non-liberals. According to hereditarianism and “racial reality” favorite Satoshi Kanazawa (2010), intelligent people tend to have more values novel in human evolutionary history, as compared to somewhat squarer, conservative types who tend to have lower IQs. Kanazawa 2010 (Why Liberals and atheists are more intelligent) reports that that the mean adolescent intelligence of young adults who identify themselves as "very liberal" is 106.4, while that of those who identify themselves as "very conservative" is 94.8.[103] This 12 point gap is almost as big as the B/W gap and bigger than the Asian-White gap. Two other studies conducted in the UK reached similar conclusions (Deary et al 2008).
Why then do so many hereditarian IQ proponents lament liberalism? Isn't higher IQ delivering its expected liberal outcome among whites and Asians, according to their own data? See:
(Satoshi Kanazawa (2010) Evolutionary Psychology and Intelligence Research. American Psychologist. Vol. 65, No. 4, 279–289)
Kanazawa S (2010). "Why Liberals and Atheists Are More Intelligent" (PDF). Social Psychology
Quarterly 73 (1): 33–57.
Deary I. J., Batty G. D., Gale C. R. (2008). "Bright Children Become Enlightened Adults". Psychological Science 19: 1–6.
Deary I. J., Batty G. D., Gale C. R. "Childhood Intelligence Predicts Voter Turnout, Voting Preferences, and Political Involvement in Adulthood: The 1970 British Cohort Study". Intelligence 36: 548–55.
Homosexuality linked with higher IQs. The “evolutionary” preference for the novel and unexpected tracks well not only with with more liberal, non-traditional types, but mayhaps even “fabulous” types. Interestingly enough- some data show that gays on the average have higher IQs that straights- perhaps a reflection of that supposed taste for the “novel.” (See for example: John P. De Cecco, Michael G. Shively (1984) Bisexual and homosexual identities: critical theoretical issues.)
Some studies (Rogers and Turner 1991) report higher rates of homosexual activity among whites than blacks. Remafedi, Resnic Blum and Harris (1992) also find same sex attraction some 3 times higher in Whites than Blacks. Yet another study confirms white trending in homosexuality. A National AIDS Behavioral Survey study (NABS), reported by Binson et al (1995) shows that 9.1% of white men, 3.1% of Black men, 2.7 percent of Hispanic men, and 2.3 percent of Asian/other had had same-sex action. In essence whites were 3 times more likely than blacks to be engaging in homosexual acts. Indeed, the NABS study oversampled Black and Hispanic men but still showed higher rates of white activity. In another study based on vascular risk factors Krieger and Sidney (1997) reported white women and men were more likely to have had homosexual or bisexual contact than either black men or black women. In essence whites were twice as likely to be engaged in homosexual behavior than blacks. Reflecting attitudinal patterns, Ernst et al (1991) found that blacks were more likely than whites to endorse negative statements about homosexuality. In the military, one research study found that white women are three times more likely to be discharged for homosexuality than African American women and white men are two times more likely to be discharged for homosexuality than African American men (Belkin and Bateman 2003)
(REFS: Remafedi, Resnic Blum and Harris (1992) Demography of sexual orientation in adolescents. Pediatrics. 1992 Apr;89(4 Pt 2):714-21; Remafedi, Resnic Blum and Harris (1992) Demography of sexual orientation in adolescents. Pediatrics. 1992 Apr;89(4 Pt 2):714-21; Krieger and Sidney (1997) Prevalence and health implications of anti-gay discrimination. Int J Health Serv. 1997;27(1):157-76; Rust 2000, Bisexuality in the United States; Krieger and Sidney (1997) Prevalence and health implications of anti-gay discrimination. Int J Health Serv. 1997;27(1):157-76. Belkin and Bateman 2003. Don't Ask, Don't Tell: Debating the Gay Ban in the Military)
HBD heriditarian author Kanazawa also finds homosexuals to have higher IQ. Per Kanazawa- Quote:
"The Savanna-IQ Interaction Hypothesis, derived from the Savanna Principle and a theory of the evolution of general intelligence, suggests that more intelligent individuals are more likely to acquire and espouse evolutionarily novel preferences and values than less intelligent individuals, but general intelligence has no effect on the acquisition and espousal of evolutionarily familiar preferences and values. Ethnographies of traditional societies suggest that exclusively homosexual behaviour was probably rare in the ancestral environment, so the Hypothesis would predict that more intelligent individuals are more likely to identify themselves as homosexual and engage in homosexual behaviour. Analyses of three large, nationally representative samples (two of which are prospectively longitudinal) from two different nations confirm the prediction."
-- --Kanazawa, Satoshi. 2012. INTELLIGENCE AND HOMOSEXUALITY. Journal of Biosocial Science, 2012, Vol.44(5), pp.595-623
What about the Irish who historically have had lower IQs vis a vis the English - and also a staunchly Catholic country, traditionally? Shouldn't they show less favor towards homosexuality or homosexual rights? Not necessarily. The Irish (2015) were the first nation to approve same sex marriage by popular vote. This was no mere matter of higher appearance by "liberals." Electoral officers reported stronger-than-usual turnout at many stations in schools, church halls and pubs across the nation of 3.2 million registered voters. The margin of victory was solid. It should be noted that Irish IQ has been rising in recent decades and now it is within the range of the EU average. Historically, low average Irish IQ has been noted by well known IQ researcher Hans Eysenck, in his 1971 book “Race, Intelligence, & Education.” Eysenck held that the Irish IQ was very close to that of American blacks, and that the Irish/English IQ gap was almost exactly the same size as the black/white gap in the U.S., being roughly a full standard deviation. Hereditarian author Richard Lynn also found low Irish IQ in his 1972 study of Irish school children- see IQ and the Wealth of Nations, published in 2001 by Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen.
Recent analyses by conservative author Ron Unz however now show Irish IQs approaching that of the British- 95% of the 100 "norm" in 2000 and 92% in 2012 (Unz 2012). Support for same sex marriage is not the same as increased homosexuality. But attitudes and practices have been rapidly changing in Ireland, as the country became more integrated with the EU and IQs began to rise. In 1993 numerous measures (seldom enforced) criminalizing homosexuality were taken off the books. As early as 2008 a survey by the Irish times showed that fully 63 percent of Irish people supported same-sex marriage. Civil partnerships have been the law since 2010, made so by legislative action. In the 1980s there were even liturgical celebrations specifically for those of the homosexual community, and the Irish Gay and Lesbian Equality Network (GLEN) became an inspiration for gay rights movements internationally. (Occasions of Sin: Sex and Society in Modern Ireland, By Diarmaid Ferriter 2010). The 2015 popular vote was thus a continuation of trends gathering speed years earlier as the Irish became more educated. Homosexuality has expanded likewise for a long time, from the vibrant gay scene in major cities like Dublin and Cork, to fulsome acceptance in other major urban areas, though a residue of opposition still remains, particularly in rural areas. Hence one again sees the patterns spoken of here emerge as IQs rise.
This HBD data above does not cover all the studies, and of course does not apply to every single white person in the US, but it does raise a question. If higher IQ whites are trending more homosexual, could this gay trend therefore represent a higher step up of white evolution? These are indeed the questions HBDers say they are asking- brave questions "which few dare ask" they say, and so on. OK, let's use their "IQ Supreme" model for a moment. Given the higher IQ trends, do more homosexuals represent an advance in white evolution? Could this not be another argument for gay marriage- the need to encourage such a high IQ sub-population rather than discourage them? Aren't more white homosexuals a natural and expected outcome of the "IQ Supreme" model? And shouldn't this evolutionary trend be celebrated rather than lamented?
Less religious faith/more atheism linked with higher IQs. In addition, the higher IQ people also tend to be more atheist, or more skeptical, or weaker in religious faith. Zuckerman 2013's meta-analysis found 'a reliable negative relation between intelligence and religiosity' in 53 out of 63 studies. What this boils down to, on the average, is that smarter people tend to be less religious, and this includes atheists. (Zukerman et al, 2013. The Relation Between Intelligence and Religiosity: A Meta-Analysis and Some Proposed Explanations', 'Personality and Social Psychology Review'). The authors claim that even during early years, the more intelligent a child is the more likely it would be to turn away from religion. A 2009 study of white American youth came to the same overall conclusion - atheists scored an average of 1.95 IQ points higher than agnostics, 3.82 points higher than liberal persuasions, and 5.89 IQ points higher than dogmatic persuasions (Nyborg (2009). "The intelligence–religiosity nexus: A representative study of white adolescent Americans". Intelligence 37: 81–93.)
In short, people at the higher end of the Bell Curve would tend to reject or despise faith more, or be less serious/more eclectic. They are the celebrated folk with high IQs, and, (not surprisingly) they also tend to be more liberal or left-leaning, or more extreme overall, and let us not forget the collectivist orientation in "National Socialism" - the Nazis.
More intense political extremism and violence- linked with higher IQ volk. Consider the highly efficient murder methods of those high IQ Germans for example that gave us the holocaust. On the flip side is the left wing version- Marxism, which gave us the mass murder of Comrade Stalin's Holodomor. Higher IQ people do things more efficiently as seen below:
"He called the method of mass killing he invented Sardinenpackung. As Meier describes, it involved forcing victims to lie together face down and side and side and killing them with Genickschussen, then forcing the next group of victims who preceded them to form another layer, ignoring the victims; terror and horror in the interest of efficiently filling up the killing pit. Jeckeln's despicably cruel execution protocols destroys SS claims, during and after the war that its executions were 'correct' military-style executions of partisans. Himmler's goal was mass murder.. By the end of August 1941, commanding the Kommandostab SS First Brigade in the western Ukraine, Jeckeln had personally supervised the murder of more than 44,000 human beings, the largest total of Jews murdered by any of Himmler's virulent legions that month."
-- Richard Rhodes. Masters of Death: The SS-Einsatzgruppen .. 2002
"I went out to the woods alone. The Wehrmacht had already dug a grave. The children were brought along in a tractor-drawn wagon. I had nothing to do with this technical procedure. The Ukrainians were standing round trembling. The children were taken down from the tractor. They were lined up along the top of the grave and shot so that they fell into it. The Ukrainians did not aim at any particular part of the body. They fell into the grave. The wailing was indescribable. I shall never forget the scene throughout my life. I find it very hard to bear. I particularly remember a small fair-haired girl who took me by the hand. She too was shot later.. The grave was near some woods. It was not near the firing range. The execution must have taken place in the afternoon at about three-thirty or four.. Many children were hit four or five times before they died."
-- Richard Rhodes. Masters of Death: The SS-Einsatzgruppen .. 2002 p. 135
A number of hereditarian or "HBD" apologists have attempted to downplay or minimize the murder of Jews by converting them to a "daily death rate" going back to 1933, when Hitler began to consolidate power. By extending the Holocaust time frame back several years, then dividing the total back-filled days into total murdered Jews, less Jewish victims can be counted in a "daily average." Presto! Less murdered Jeewz in 2 seconds.. But this is ludicrous sleight of hand. For one thing the mass killings known as the Holocaust did not begin in 1933. As credible historians show, they began in earnest in Autumn 1941, giving the Nazis over 3.50 years of good killing work or approximately 1300 days. Looking at an actual scholarly book, rather than doctored Wikipedia "stealth" references- one credible study notes:
"In autumn 1941, the first German Jews to be deported at the spearhead of the combing out process of European Jewery was dispatched to the Warthegau. The possibility of liquidating ghettoised Jews had by then been explicitly raised for the first time, in the summer of 1941, significantly by Nazi leaders in Warthegau. The first mobile gassing units to be deployed against Jews operated in the Warthegau in the closing month is if 1941. And the systematic murder of the Jews began in early December 1941 in the first extermination- actually a 'gas van station' - established at Chelmno on the Ner..."
FROM: Ian Kershaw. 2008. Hitler, the Germans, and the Final Solution. p 60:
And it's not only 6 million Jews but another 5 million Poles, Slavs, prisoners of war and other sub-humans who were systematically murdered. 11 million murdered souls over 3.5 years or 1300 days gives an impressive rough average of 8,461 bodies per day. Adding a few months like counting from August 1941, when the SS-Einsatzgruppen began the mass murder of Jewish and adults as shown above, doesn't make much difference- about 1369 killing days (3.75 "good" months), compared to 1300.
Then there is the systematic Holodomor- the brutal collectivization and liquidations engineered by Stalin, which impacted wide swathes of Russia. Credible estimates put the toll over the Soviet Union at 10 million during just one year -1932/33 (Wädekin et al. 1982. Agrarian Policies in Communist Europe. pg 16) and this does not count other millions from mass deportations and executions) --working out to approximately 27,397 per day murdered in just that year.
Whether Holocaust, or Holodomor, or the brutal statistics far exceed anything in human history in terms of sheer demonic viciousness and cruelty- and its all courtesy of those -oh so much better than the rest of us- high IQ folk.
Higher IQ jihadists etc. Moving to recent decades, Krueger 2008 shows in fine detail (with hard data from think tanks, government reports, economic surveys, academic studies, etc) that violent political extremists like terrorists are not the ignorant roughnecks of popular yore, but on the average, people with IQ indicators above the norm- typically, highly educated, professionally employed, from a middle- or higher-class background. Indeed Krueger's data shows that if there is a link between poverty, education and terrorism, it is the opposite of the one popularly assumed. (Alan Krueger (2008) What Makes a Terrorist: Economics and the Roots of Terrorism.)
To be sure, people with such characteristics, which are on the average are strong to moderately stronger indicators of a higher level of IQ , cannot be everywhere to carry out their murderous extremist projects. They must mobilize and motivate servitors, flunkies and hatchet-men to do some of the dirty work. But the data indicates that much of the leadership and drive behind this dirty work, is located in higher IQ segments of populations.
Even killer Chairman Mao, the archetypal "agrarian reformer" (and mass murderer contributing to some 40-70 million deaths) was not the average rural peasant bumpkin. To the contrary. Mao was the son of a wealthy farmer in Hunan, and was educated and literate, even enrolling in a teacher's school (seen as one of the best in the province) after his secondary education was completed. Mao also attended university, a very untypical pattern well above the bulk of the rural Chinese masses. In local and national terms Mao was an educated intellectual, and viewed himself as such.
Marx/Lenin: high IQ heroes of mass murdering communism. Lenin likewise was born to a wealthy middle-class family in Simbirsk, with well educated parents, (his mother a Jewish intellectual), earning a law degree. Engels was the son of a wealthy German cotton manufacturer and his extensive writing skills after secondary school suggest high literacy and relative IQ above average. Marx was also born into a wealthy middle-class family, studying at both the University of Bonn and the University of Berlin. Ancestrally he was of Ashkenazi Jewish background.
Herr Hitler- educated to a fair level, Gobbels- Phd. Himmler -a college man. Hitler did not grow up in a poor family though they were of modest means- but even he too was educated to the secondary level, and could take up such things as painting. His verbal and organizing skills suggests one with above average IQ, as does the history of some of his prominent collaborators- Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Göring, Heinrich Himmler, Albert Speer. Goebbels for example earned a PhD from Heidelberg University, Himmler was from a middle class family and attended college, as did master of armaments Albert Speer. All of these were ahead in educational exposure relative to the times.
Mass murderer Josef Stalin- educated above average. Stalin was, unlike the average rural Russian type, both educated and literate, and even received a scholarship to attend and did attend the Georgian Orthodox Tiblis Spiritual Seminary in Tbilisi. While not as advanced educationally in local terms as Mao, Marx or his one-time boss Lenin, Stalin was above the average Russian, and his efficient organizing skills as well as verbal facility indicates and IQ above average.
Bosses of the SS murder squad system - many high IQ men with doctorates, and they received fulsome cooperation from Wehrmacht officers in high places whose cooperation was vital to mass killing effectiveness. As one sobering study puts it:
Thus the final irony. There are many who are all too happy to use IQ as a club to bash “lesser breeds” – but as it turns out, their own almighty IQ construct, Great Source Of All, is associated with a class of leading folk that in many ways undermine and displace traditional values. The "cognitive elite" so touted in many quarters tends to be:
--More liberal/leftist and/or collectivist in orientation which would include Nazism
--More atheist/skeptical of, or hostile to religious faith
--More gay/cross-gender/willing to experiment sexually and/or blur gender lines
--More historically extreme and violent politically (two sides of the same violent coin -Marxism and Fascism and their key leadership)
And as other posts show-the much touted higher IQ folk are not reproducing themselves on the average. ( http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/07/irony-2-higher-iqs-correlated-with_25.html)
Note: none of the above argues that ALL high IQ folk have these characteristics. There is obviously variation, and combinations of characteristics can be contradictory. But a basic pattern emerges, and these characteristics in many ways produce fallout that bodes ill for the conservative America many HBDers and "hereditarians" say they want. And why are people like Charles Murray (and various other "hereditarian" types) complaining when their "high G" favorites are those in the forefront of helping white America "come apart" (to borrow from the title of one of Murray's book)? Didn't he celebrate these people earlier? Those high IQ paragons? They worship the IQ gods, and the IQ deities have served up exactly what will undermine them. Surely their gods must be laughing.
https://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2023/10/the-rulers-of-rubble-why-idf-is-not.html
Teflon Don finally fades
https://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2020/06/teflon-don-may-see-fulsome-benefits.html
https://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2020/05/the-teflon-don-covid-era-approval.html
'AsiaRate' Lawsuit against Harvard shows dirty little secret- white quotas in use at elite universities
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2018/06/asiarate-lawsuit-against-harvard-shows.html
Some gays find welcome home in the 'alt-right' as nationalist organizations step up recruitment
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2018/05/some-gays-find-welcome-home-in-alt.html
Sowell 3- new data shows backward tropical evolution? Wealth and Poverty- An International Perspective in Trump era
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2017/07/sowell-3-new-data-shows-backward.html
Sowell 2- Wealth, Poverty and Politics- International Perspective - Trump era to bring these issues into sharper focus?
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2017/07/sowell-2-wealth-poverty-and-politics.html
Sowell- Liberal intellectuals and hard questions about race differences- Trump era may force them to focus?
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2017/07/sowell-liberal-intellectuals-and-hard.html
Trump properties discriminated against black tenants lawsuit finds
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2016/07/trump-properties-discriminated-against.html
Stealing credibility- Dinesh D'souza has prison epiphany- after hanging with the homies- Hallelujah Hilary!
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2016/05/straining-credibility-dinesh-dsouza-has.html
Shame on you, and your guilt too- A review of Shelby Steele's 'Shame'
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2016/05/a-review-wealth-poverty-and-politics.html
A review of Sowell's Wealth, Poverty and Politics: An International Perspective
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2016/05/a-review-wealth-poverty-and-politics.html
Go with the flow 3- more DNA and cranial studies show ancient African migration to, or African presence in ancient Europe
Go with the flow 2- African gene flow into Europe in various eras
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/11/go-with-flow-2-african-gene-flow-into.html
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/09/dna-studies-show-african-movement-to.html
Guilt3- Why the "white privilege industry" is not all there
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/09/guilt3-why-white-privilege-industry-is.html
Guilt2- Media collaborates with guilt mongers - or how to play the white victim card
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/09/guilt2-media-collaborates-with-guilt.html
How Obama plays on white guilt-
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/08/how-obama-plays-upon-white-guilt-hilary.html
Blacks oppose free speech- more ramshackle "research" from "the East"..
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/08/blacks-oppose-free-speech-ramshackle.html
Hands off the Confederate flag
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/06/hands-off-confederate-flag.html
Despite much more wealth than blacks, whites collect about the same rate of welfare and are treated more generously
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/06/despite-much-more-wealth-than-blacks.html
African "boat people" ushering in European demographic decline
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/05/african-boat-people-ushering-in.html
The forgotten Holocaust- King Leopold's "Congo Free State" - 10 million victims
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-forgotten-holocaust-10-million-in.html
Are violent minorities taking over California and the West?
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/04/are-violent-minorities-taking-over.html
Presidential hopeful Ben Carson meets and Greeks
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/03/presidential-hopeful-ben-carson-meet.html
Contra "ISIS" partisans, there have been some beneficial effects of Christianity
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/03/contra-isis-partisans-there-are-some.html
The social construction of race, compared to biology- Graves
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2015/02/the-social-construction-of-race_8.html
Why HBD or hereditarianism lacks credibility
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/10/why-hbd-or-hereditarianism-lacks.html
Leading Scientists criticize hereditarian claims
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/08/leading-scientists-criticize.html
Thai me down - Thais fall behind genetically related southern Chinese, Tibetans below genetically related East Asians like Koreans and other Chinese
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/08/thai-me-up-thai-me-down.html
Time for liberals to respect "the south" ... in a way of speaking.. the south of Egypt that is..
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/08/time-for-liberals-to-respect-south-in.html
Irony 2: touted High IQ "G-men" cannot reproduce themselves
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/07/irony-2-higher-iqs-correlated-with_25.html
Unz and Sowell: Unz debunking Lynn's IQ and Wealth of Nations. Sowell debunking the Bell Curve
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/07/unz-and-sowell-unz-debunking-lynns-iq.html
Irony 1: touted High IQ types are more homosexual, more atheist, and more liberal (HAL)
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/06/irony-high-iqs-produce-more-atheists.html
Elite white universities discriminate against Asians using reverse "affirmative action"
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/06/elite-white-universities-discriminate.html
Deteriorating state of white America
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/05/deteriorating-state-of-white-america.html
Racial Cartels (The Affirmative Action Propaganda machine- part 2
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/05/the-affirmative-action-propaganda.html
Hereditarian's/HBD's "Great Black Hope"
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/04/blog-post.html
Exploding nonsense: the 10,000 Year Explosion
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/03/exploding-nonsense-review-of-cochran_8.html
We need "rational racism"? Proponent Dinesh D;Souza becomes his own test case
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/01/we-need-rational-racism-proponent.html
The Affirmative Action Propaganda Machine- part 1
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/01/the-affirmatve-action-propaganda.html
Two rules for being "really" black- no white wimmen, no Republican
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/01/to-be-really-black-you-cant-have-white.html
The Axial age reconsidered
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2014/01/the-axial-age-reconsidered.html
Cannibal seasonings: dark meat on white
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/12/i.html
"Affirmative Action" in the form of court remedies has been around a long time- since the 1930s- benefiting white union workers against discrimination by employers
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/09/affirmative-action-as-term-appears-in.html
Mugged by reality 1: White quotas, special preferences and government jobs
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/mugged-by-reality-1-white-quotas.html
Lightweight enforcement of EEO laws contradicts claims of "flood" of minorities "taking jobs"
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/blog-post.html
Railroaded 3: white violence and intimidation imposed quotas
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/railroaded-3-white-violence-and.html
Railroaded 2: how white quotas and special preferences blockade black progress...
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/railroaded-2-thow-white-quotas-and.html
Railroaded 1: How white affirmative action and white special preferences destroyed black railroad employment...
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2013/06/railroaded-how-white-affirmative-action.html
Affirmative action: primary beneficiaries are white women
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2011/04/affirmative-action-primary.html
7 reasons certain libertarians and right-wingers are wrong about the Civil Right Act
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2012/05/7-reasons-libertarians-may-be-wrong.html
Social philosophy of Thomas Sowell
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2011/07/social-philosophy-of-thomas-sowell.html
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2010/09/blog-post.html
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2009/11/blog-post_29.html
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2010/05/blog-post_1754.html
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2010/09/blog-post_06.html
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2010/04/blog-post_9251.html
Assorted data debunking
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2009/11/blog-post_5570.html
Given the continual drumbeat about the benefits of "white civilization," from the standpoint of the dispossessed native corralled in his over-crowded and eroded "native reserve" exactly who was "benefitting"? Forcing the natives to grow certain cash crops for example, helped the tax, customs and cash coffers of colonial regimes, but also in some areas, caused famine and malnutrition as native food crops were displaced. While not all European influence was negative, once again wonders, who was "benefitting?"
But you say pilgrim, weren't those Africans inefficient with their hoe agriculture compared to advanced European technology such as plows? Not necessarily. First, African agriculture is not merely slash and burn (rational in relative environmental contest) but also included mixed field operations including crop rotation, manuring and fallowing periods. And as we have already seen, some northern Europeans made heavy use of "inefficient" tools, like the Irish with their small spade-like loy in cultivating marginal hilly land for their potato crop. Turns out that this "backward" tool was MORE efficient for the Irish than expensive, and cumbersome plow teams, as we shall see. Second, European agricultural tech often lagged behind that of Asia (China in particular) as Professor Joseph Needham's magisterial surveys of Chinese technology show, and European techniques included a hugely inefficient plow and plowing system that required the plow team to stop every few minutes to knock clods of dirt off plow instruments. European systems also typically required a large team of animals, sometimes horses and oxen combined. It was slow, expensive and cumbersome, and until further advances in the 1700s and 1800s was unimpressive compared to more agile African farming systems using hoe, direct seed implantation, basin irrigation, soil management like terracing and mounding, and mixed cropping (Precolonial African Industry and the Atlantic Trade, 1500-1800 - John Thornton 1990. African Econ Hist 19.) Even more inefficient and wasteful was the European method of broadcasting seed over the fields rather than more detailed placement in the earth. See Needham- reference above. By contrast the "backward" African farming technique of raking and raising mounds with hoes and then inserting seed directly in the earth, rather than throwing them far and wide as in the Euro "broadcast" system, compared favorably. Thus when the whole picture is considered, European agricultural methods and technology were not only sometimes unimpressive on the merits, but within the tropical African environment would compare unfavorably to indigenous methods.
For the tenant community of over 550 people on this farm suffered both rent in cash and exactions of labour service. Indeed, on the estate, "each adult Native" - which invariably meant each African man ( and possibly each married man) - had to pay a rent of thirty shillings a year. But, in addition to this, "two small boys" had to be sent to labour for Van Der Walt "every month" as well.
[Says one black tenant:]
"I was sick and tired of being allocated a field and then being evicted once it had been cultivated and the soil proved fertile. You were chased away as soon as they discovered that you could produce a good harvest from soil that had previously been considered useless. You tamed the land and they got rid of you."
(FROM: Van Onselen, C. (1996). The Seed Is Mine: The Life of Kas Maine, A South Africa Sharecropper 1894-1985, New York: Hill and Wang, p.409.)
White settlers of English background also moved to maximize advantages, with many of them filing in agriculture and having to retreat to urban settings where they practiced trade. The English were generally suspicious of the Boers:
"..justifiable fear as this was after the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 which was perceived in colonial Zimbabwe to have been a war fought to prevent Afrikaner domination of British settlers in South Africa. Migration to Southern Rhodesia was thus suspected to be a ploy by Afrikaner leaders to settle a significant number of Afrikaners in the territory with the motive of dominating it over time. Culturally Afrikaners were seen as inferior. As early as 1903, the Rhodesian Surveyor –General wrote that he opposed a situation where any white person who had financial resources to purchase land in the colony was afforded the opportunity as this would attract “a number of undesirables like the „bywoner" [Boer] class, who would form a compact, bigoted and nonprogressive class” (Mlambo 2000)."
In short, white settler agriculture depended heavily on the blacks and on into the 20th century, depended for survival on heavy government subsidies, not the rugged, independent "free market" models of myth. Despite much talk of "getting the Kaffirs to use better methods", whites continually throttled black opportunity, all the while receiving massive subsidies and assistance to do agriculture.
In 1930, one African farming association leader:
"complained that £207,000 of public spending had been allocated to agricultural education for whites, whereas ‘nothing [had been set aside] for the Bantu who were called upon to pay for their corresponding training out of their own pockets’.91 One of the KVNFA’s most pressing demands was the establishment of an agricultural school in the Ciskei that would be analogous to Tsolo in the Transkei. The association pointed out that the five white agricultural colleges had produced 2,682 graduates by 1919, but only twenty-six young men had graduated from Tsolo by the same year.."
"In addition, the [Bantu] SANFC constantly reminded the government that African farmers lacked the capital to invest in or improve their land and were struggling to ‘make ends meet’ given the high prices of new farm implements and provisions.117 Their agricultural tools were often outdated and unfit for purpose, while the fencing necessary to allow for winter planting was unaffordable.118 As Black farmers were not eligible for obtaining credit from the state-run Land Bank, which exclusively catered to white farmers, undercapitalization was a serious problem. The SANFC thus demanded from the government the same subsidies for seed, fertilizer, and transport that their white counterparts received.119"
FROM: Cultivating Race -black agriculturel transformations in South Africa- Julia Tischler-2012
But no amount of education, demonstrations, technology or progressive boosterism could overcome the final white barrier to black progress, denial of land access.
"The infamous NLA of 1913 not only imposed legal limits to the area in which Africans could own land, but also prohibited sharecropping or cash renting on white-owned farms.114 In an address on the state of African agriculture, Jabavu deplored the fact that ‘the land ploughed by location individuals’ was ‘far too small to provide a living’.115
FROM: Cultivating Race -black agricultural transformations in South Africa- Julia Tischler-2012

















